Multiple myeloma mm is a plasma cell disorder, characterized by bone marrow infiltration with clonal plasma cells, production of monoclonal immunoglobulin paraprotein, and end organ damage including lytic lesions in the bones, renal impairment, hypercalcemia, and anemia. This activity is accompanied by suppressed osteoblast differentiation and activity, resulting in severely impaired bone formation and development. Multiple sclerosis ms is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. Expect to see more functional mris in nz medical practice. The mprotein monoclonal immunoglobulin protein produced by the malignant plasma cells is igg in about 55% of myeloma patients and iga in about 20%. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to transmit signals, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems. Endorgan damage to the kidneys is typically due to light chain cast nephropathy.
Myeloma canada po box 326 kirkland, qc h9h 0a4 telephone. Epidemiology and pathophysiology multiple myeloma accounts for 1. Multiple myeloma causes cancer cells to accumulate in the bone marrow, where they crowd out healthy blood cells. Jun 12, 2019 multiple myeloma is a cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell. Powerpoint is the worlds most popular presentation software which can let you create professional myeloma powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. By far, the most important of these tumors is multiple myeloma, which is diagnosed. Ppt renal failure in multiple myeloma powerpoint presentation free to download id. More than 80% of mm patients suffer from destructive.
Multiple myeloma mm is the most frequent cancer to involve the skeleton with 8090% of patients developing bone lesions during their disease course. Multiple myeloma mm, also known as plasma cell myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. Results of autologous stem cell transplant in multiple myeloma patients with renal failure. Archives of clinical pathology the diagnosis and investigation of multiple myeloma in 2018. Multiple myeloma is slightly more common in men than in women and the median age at the time of diagnosis is about 65 years.
Free download myeloma powerpoint presentation slides. Multiple myeloma mm, also known as plasma cell myeloma and simple myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. Pdf archives of clinical pathology the diagnosis and. Treatment of multiple myeloma with highrisk cytogenetics. Clinical 1 multiple myeloma free download as powerpoint presentation. Multiple myeloma is a complex neoplastic plasma cell disorder which.
Multiple myeloma hematology and oncology merck manuals. Malignanat b cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the marrow with plasma cell predominating. The multiple myelomainduced bone destruction is a result of the increased activity of osteoclasts that occurs adjacent to multiple myeloma cells. Abnormal antibody fragments are produced in multiple myeloma and are deposited in various organs, such as the kidneys. Each year in the united states, about 20,000 people learn they have this disease. Multiple myeloma hematology and oncology msd manual.
Clinical 1 multiple myeloma sepsis clinical medicine. A single mass of myeloma cells is called a solitary plasmacytoma, which is most often found in the bones but can also be found in soft tissue called an extramedullary plasmacytoma. Multiple myeloma is the second most common blood cancer after nonhodgkins lymphoma and 14th most common cancer overall in united states. Multiple myeloma mm, the second most common blood cancer in adults, is a clonal plasma cell. The understanding of these pathways is closely linked to their therapeutic implications and is stressed upon in the initial chapters. Myeloma is usually called multiple myeloma because most people 90% or more have multiple bone lesions when diagnosed or lesions develop over the course of the illness.
Multiple myeloma is a form of cancer that affects bone marrow, the spongy soft tissue that lies within the hollow. Pathophysiology of multiple myeloma bone disease request pdf. Multiple myeloma a new era of treatment strategies volume 1. Jatin shah, md, explains that there is no clear reason for why patients develop multiple myeloma, and so theres no clear risk factor. This is a comprehensive, stateoftheart guide to the diagnosis, treatment, and biology of multiple myeloma and related plasma disorders. Multiple myeloma, also called plasma cell myeloma or myelomatosis, malignant proliferation of cells within the bone marrow that usually occurs during middle age or later and increases in occurrence with age. Plasma cells help you fight infections by making antibodies that recognize and attack germs. Multiple myeloma usually affects individuals of the african american race.
First described in 1848, mm is characterized by a proliferation of malignant plasma cells and a subsequent overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein m protein. Msaa does a great service to the many who have ms, and to the families and caregivers who look for answers, support and understanding. Multiple myeloma is a malignant disorder characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells. Multiple myeloma mm is a debilitating malignancy that is part of a spectrum of diseases ranging from monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance mgus to plasma cell leukemia. Myelomas are slightly more common in males than in females and can affect any of the marrowcontaining bones, such as the skull, the flat. The symptoms of multiple myeloma are not usually evident in the early stages of disease, which is often only detected or diagnosed as. From basic information about cancer and its causes to indepth information on specific cancer types including risk factors, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment options youll find it here. Visit mcgrawhill create today and begin building the perfect solution for your course. Multiple myeloma and related disorders pathophysiology of blood. In 15 to 20% of patients, plasma cells secrete only bence jones protein. Handbook of multiple myeloma download only books free. Multiple myeloma early detection, diagnosis, and staging.
Multiple sclerosis, or ms, is a longlasting disease that can affect your brain, spinal cord, and the optic nerves in your eyes. People with mgus monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance or solitary plasmacytoma are at risk of developing multiple myeloma and have regular bloodwork to monitor for it. Plasma cells come from b lymphocytes, and produce antibodies immunoglobulins. Pdf advances in the imaging and treatment of multiple myeloma have. Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cells in the bone marrow seek medical care for unexplained pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, vision problems, or chronic tingling or numbness there is no cure for multiple myeloma. Pathophysiology and diagnosis of multiple myeloma youtube.
Myeloma bone lesions are purely osteolytic and are associated with severe and debilitating bone pain, pathologic fractures, hypercalcemia, and spinal cord compression, as well as increased mortality. Multiple myeloma dr harpreet singh bhatia dmch, ludhiana,punjab 2. Multiple sclerosis ms is a condition that can affect the brain and spinal cord, causing a wide range of potential symptoms, including problems with vision, arm or leg movement, sensation or balance. Treatment of multiple myeloma focuses on decreasing the severity of symptoms with medications, stem cell transplants, bisphosphonate. Its a lifelong condition that can sometimes cause serious disability, although it can occasionally be mild. It has given me the opportunity to win one more battle over ms. Solitary plasmacytoma is a mass of myeloma cells that involves only 1 site in the bone or, less commonly, other organs, such as in the upper respiratory tract, including the. Plasma cells are a part of the bodys immune system and produce antibodies that help the body fight infection. This helps you give your presentation on myeloma in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations the uploader spent hisher valuable time to create. Multiple myeloma may be diagnosed sooner in those people than. Bone disease and renal failure are the main cause of morbidity.
It can cause problems with vision, balance, muscle control, and. Multiple myeloma represents 2% of all new cancer diagnoses in the. Whether you or someone you love has cancer, knowing what to expect can help you cope. There are three major forms of renal damage in patients with multiple myeloma. A detailed view of msrelated damage in the central nervous system that results in the varied and unpredictable symptoms of the disease. The causes of myeloma are not fully understood but it is thought to be caused by an interaction of both genetic and environmental factors. Pathophysiology and diagnosis of multiple myeloma jatin shah, md, explains that there is no clear reason for why patients develop multiple myeloma, and so theres no clear risk factor.
Multiple myeloma is currently still an incurable disease, but during the past decade knowledge of its molecular pathogenesis has increased rapidly. More than 80% of mm patients suffer from destructive bony. Myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that begins in the bone marrow. Although multiple myeloma affects the bones, it begins in. Myeloma is a type of bone marrow cancer arising from plasma cells and is the second most common form of bone marrow cancer, but represents just 1% of all cancers. Edited and written by a multidisciplinary group of recognized authorities from the mayo clinic, it presents clear guidelines on diagnosis and therapy and covers all aspects of multiple myeloma, from molecular classification and diagnosis, to. Multiple sclerosis ms is an unpredictable disease of the central nervous system that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body. This activity is accompanied by suppressed osteoblast differentiation and activity, resulting in severely impaired bone formation and development of devastating osteolytic lesions. Much insight has been gained into the molecular pathways that lead to myeloma and indeed much more remains to be done. Review article multiple myeloma world health organization. As it progresses, bone pain, bleeding, frequent infections, and anemia may occur. Pathogenesis and treatment of bone disease in multiple myeloma. Myeloma bone disease mbd is a devastating complication of multiple myeloma mm. A handout on multiple myeloma, written by the authors of this article, is provided on page 860.