The idea of visual k out of n secret sharing schemes was introduced in. It is pointed out that the overlapping of visual key images in vc is similar to the superposition of pixel intensities by a singlepixel detector in spi. Visual cryptography and k, n visual secret sharing schemes were introduced by naor and shamir advances in cryptology eurocrypt 94, springer, berlin, 1995, pp. There are several generalizations of the basic scheme including k out of n visual cryptography, and using opaque sheets but illuminating them by multiple sets of identical illumination patterns under the recording of only one singlepixel detector. This paper presents a recursive hiding scheme for 3 out of 5 secret sharing. Tech it, siddharth nagar,nalanda institute of engineering and technology, andhra pradesh, india. Visual cryptography vc is a method for shielding the secret image which encodes the image into many shares and allocates them to various. Visual cryptography scheme for secret image retrieval. In original image, every pixel is represented by nonoverlapping block.
Multiresolution visualcryptography in traditional k. Schemes have been invented for a general k out of n sharing scheme and to cover gray scale and colour images as welljim cai and zhou,2000. In this paper we analyze the contrast of the reconstructed image in k out of n visual cryptography schemes. Abstractrecently, wang introduced a novel 2, n region. Contrastoptimal k out of n secret sharing schemes in visual. Colour visual cryptography becomes an interesting research topic after the formal. K n secret sharing visual cryptography scheme for color image. Sep 01, 2012 k n secret sharing visual cryptography scheme for color image using random number. Visual cryptography schemes vcs is an encryption technique that utilizes human visual system in recovering secret image and it does not require any. The scheme is perfectly secure and very easy to implement.
The beauty of such a scheme is that, the decryption of the secret image requires neither the knowledge of cryptography nor complex computation. Aetacs, association of computer electronics and electrical fig. Request pdf contrastoptimal k out of n secret sharing schemes in visual cryptography visual cryptography and k, nvisual secret sharing schemes were introduced by naor and shamir in nash1. When all n shares were overlaid, the original image would appear. Several papers and projects have been presented to extend visual cryptography. Implementation k out of n visual cryptography using k out of k.
In this paper we propose two techniques to construct visual cryptography schemes for any access structure. Visual cryptography is a symmetric key cryptographic technique which allows visual information pictures, text, etc. Shamir advances in cryptology eurocrypt 94, springer. Extended schemes for visual cryptography distributed computing. The basic model was then extended to k, n threshold cryptography where any k. Constructions and bounds for visual cryptography core. Image based authentication using visual cryptography and encryption algorithm shreya zarkar, sayali vaidya, arifa tadvi, tanashree chavan, prof. In the first scheme, qrcode vc is designed by using opaque sheets instead of transparent sheets. May 02, 2012 multiresolution visualcryptography in traditional k. In the decryption process only k or more than k number of shares can reveal the original information here can form the original image. International journal of engineering science and technology ijest k n secret sharing visual cryptography scheme for color image using random number shyamalendu kandar 1, 1, haldia institute of technology, haldia, india arnab maiti2 1, haldia institute of technology, haldia. Naor and shamir proposed an optimal k, k visual cryptography scheme vcs. Xian, heys, robinson extended capabilities for visual cryptography 1999 ateniese, blundo, et al.
Key words visual cryptography, secret sharing schemes, mds codes, arcs. Request pdf on mar 1, 2017, abul hasnat and others published implementation k out of n visual cryptography using k out of k scheme find, read and cite. A k out of n visual cryptography scheme k, n vcs, first formally defined by naor and shamir, is a special kind of secret sharing, which encodes a secret image into n share images in such a way that the stacking of any k share images can reveal the secret image, while any less than k share images provide no information about the secret image. For any m in c0, ored vector v of any k out of n rows satisfies that h w v. A new k out of n secret image sharing scheme in visual cryptography. Security, visual cryptography, visual secret share. Visual cryptography vc is a method for shielding the secret image which encodes the image into many shares and allocates them to.
The basic idea behind the colored image cryptography remained the same however. The shares of a qualified set will reveal the secret image without any cryptographic computation. In 2, 2 visual cryptography scheme, the original image is broken into 2 image shares. A friend just showed me how to combine padlocks to achieve a lock that opens when k out of n people turn their keys. An integration of this technique of visual cryptography with n, k, p gray image is also proposed. In 1995, naor and shamir proposed the koutofn visual cryptography scheme such that only more than or equal to k participants can visually recover the secret through superimposing their. This paper proposes a k,n visual cryptography based on shamirs secret sharing vcsss. An implementation of algorithms in visual cryptography in. When all shares are aligned and stacked together, they expose the secret image. The secret image will get visible to the human visual system. Color visual cryptography becomes an interesting research topic after the formal introduction of visual cryptography by naor and shamir in 1995. On the contrast in visual cryptography schemes springerlink.
In 1995, naor and shamir proposed the k out of n visual cryptography scheme such that only more than or equal to k participants can visually recover the secret through superimposing their. The image is encoded in n shares and the message can be revealed by stacking k of those n shares. A sender wishing to transmit a secret message distributes n transparencies amongst n recipients, where the. Visual cryptography, secret sharing, random sequence 1. There are several generalizations of the basic scheme including k out ofn visual cryptography, and using opaque sheets but illuminating them by multiple sets of identical illumination patterns under the recording of only one singlepixel detector. The most frequently upixel groupings in visual sed sub cryptography algorithms. In koutofn secret sharing scheme, any k shares will decode the secret image, which reduce the security level. Shares are represented on transparencies secret is reconstructed visually k,n visual threshold scheme k of the shares transparencies are superimposed reveal secret pdf download pdf. Using shamirs secret sharing, a binary secret image can be shared into n meaningless shares, in order to make the generated shares more like noise images, adding the randomness within the process of sharing. Role of visual cryptography schemes in information. Visual cryptography scheme vcs is a kind of secretsharing scheme which allows the encryption of a secret image into n shares that are distributed to n participants. Visual cryptograph y moni naor y adi shamir z abstract in this pap er w e consider a new t.
We extend it into a visual variant of the k out of n secret sharing problem, in which a dealer provides a transparency to each one of the n users. However, if k 1 shares are stacked together, the encoded message cannot be seen. Visual cryptography is a technique that allows information images, text, diagrams to be encrypted using an encoding system that can be decrypted by the eyes. Role of visual cryptography schemes in information security. U contrastoptimal kout of nsecret sharing schemes in visual. Visual cryptography and k,nvisual secret sharing schemes were introduced by naor and shamir advances in cryptology eurocrypt 94, springer, berlin, 1995, pp. Iwamoto and yamamoto in 2002, worked on an n out of n visual secret sharing scheme. Pdf on k,n visual cryptography scheme researchgate. Request pdf contrastoptimal k out of n secret sharing schemes in visual cryptography visual cryptography and k, n visual secret sharing schemes were introduced by naor and shamir in nash1.
This property makes visual cryptography especially useful for the low computation load requirement. Visual cryptography, halftoning, extended visual cryptography 1 introduction visual cryptographynaor95 is a kind of cryptography that can be decoded directly by the human visual system without any special calculation for decryption. In 3 the authors propose k out of n visual cryptography schemes. The general construction of various visual cryptography schemes such as 2 out of 2, 2 out of n, n out of n, k out of n and the consistent image size visual cryptography scheme are also demonstrated with examples. Visual secret sharing encode secret image s in threshold shadow images shares. We provide a novel technique to realize k out of n visual cryptography schemes. When a white pixel is shared, any one of the matrices out of the collection in c 0 is chosen. Contrastoptimal k out of n secret sharing schemes in. In this paper we have discussed a technique called random sequence which needs very less computation for k n secret sharing. Constructions and properties of k out of n visual secret.
A new k out of n secret image sharing scheme in visual. Feb 16, 20 k n secret sharing visual cryptography scheme for color image using random number to get this project in online or through training sessions contact. On k, nvisual cryptography scheme, designs, codes and. A secure visual cryptography scheme using private key with. Recursive information hiding in visual cryptography. Iwamoto and yamamoto in 2002, worked on an noutofn visual secret sharing scheme. A visual cryptography scheme is a broad spectrum method which is based upon general access structure. Visual cryptography scheme eliminates complex computation problem in decryption process, and the secret images can be restored by stacking operation. Visual cryptography and steganography for banking application 3 vii. Visual cryptography free download as powerpoint presentation. K out of k extended visual cryptography scheme based on xor wanli dang1, mingxing he1, daoshun wang2, xiao li1 1department of mathematics and computer engineering, xihua university, chengdu 610039, china. The basic scheme is referred to as the k out of n visual cryptography scheme which is denoted as k, n vcs. Since that time, the paradigm of visual cryptography has attracted wide attention all over the world.
Jul, 2012 read on k, n visual cryptography scheme, designs, codes and cryptography on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. In the k, n visual cryptography scheme, two collections of n x m boolean matrices basis matrices, c0 and c1 are used. Image based authentication using visual cryptography and. Kn secret sharing visual cryptography scheme for color image using random number to get this project in online or through training sessions contact. Constructions and properties of k out of n visual secret sharing. In k out of n k, n vc scheme, the secret image is shared into n shares such that when k or more participants by amassing their transparencies by means. Progressive visual cryptography scheme in which we not only build the reconstructed image by stacking the threshold number of shares together, but also utilize the other.
Human visual system as or function in k out of n visual cryptography scheme is a type of cryptographic technique where a digital image is divided into n number of shares by cryptographic computation. In this paper we have discussed a technique called random sequence which needs very less computation for kn secret sharing. Shares are represented on transparencies secret is reconstructed visually k, n visual threshold scheme k of the shares transparencies are superimposed reveal secret k shares do not reveal any information. The original problem of visual cryptograph y is the sp ecial case of a out of visual secret sharing problem it can b e solv ed with t w. K out of k extended visual cryptography scheme based on xor. It is a cryptographic technique that allows the encryption of visual information such that decryption can be performed using the human visual system. However, if k1 shares are stacked together, the encoded message cannot be seen. Two novel visual cryptography vc schemes are proposed by combining vc with singlepixel imaging spi for the first time. Visual cryptography vc is a method for shielding the secret image which encodes the image into many shares and allocates them to various participants. We analyze the structure of visual cryptography schemes and we prove bounds on the size of the image distributed to the participants in the scheme. Recursive information hiding in visual cryptography sandeep katta department of computer science, oklahoma state university stillwater, ok 74078 abstract.
Here an image based authentication using visual cryptography is implemented. The paper proposed a k out of n c color visual secret sharing system. To share a white pixel, the dealer randomly chooses one of the matrices in c0. This provides security by the fact that the messages cannot be.